Here Are the Differences Between Voltage, Current, and Electric Field
Let me ask you a question…
Have you ever looked at the back of a lightbulb or a power cord and wondered why the numbers and words back there looked like gibberish?
If you’re curious, here are some answers about the differences between voltage, current, and an electric field.
Electric Field
Image Credit: Biswarup Ganguly
An electric field applies a force to a charge – it’s produced by positive and negative charges and can be produced by time-varying magnetic fields (like a generator, antennae, or radiation).
Basically, it’s a physical field around an electrical charge that either repels or attracts other forces.
Voltage
Image Credit: Dennis G German
Voltage is the difference in the electrical pressure between two points – electrons want to move from the higher-pressure point to the lower, if there’s something in between for the electrons to move through.
The electricity, or voltage, has to have a path from one end to the other…at least, they do most of the time.
If the difference in pressure on the two ends is too great, the electrons will get overexcited and “jump” from one point. If that happens, we see a spark.
It’s also what creates lightning strikes.
Current
Image Credit: Creative Commons
Once there is a path provided between the two points, the current is the movement of electrons from one to the other. As long as the voltage (the path) remains, electrons will continue moving along.
The current is the measurement of how heavy the traffic is on the path – how many electrons pass through every second.
Higher voltage can inspire a greater current, as can a material in the middle that’s conducive to more movement, like silver or copper.
